“Listening to God” Bible Reading & Devotion: Dec 29, 2025 – Jeremiah 019

Read chapter in full: biblegateway.com/passage/?version=ESV&search=Jeremiah+019
 

Jeremiah 19 (ESV)

1 Thus says the Lord, “Go, buy a potter’s earthenware flask, and take some of the elders of the people and some of the elders of the priests, and go out to the Valley of the Son of Hinnom at the entry of the Potsherd Gate, and proclaim there the words that I tell you. You shall say, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, O kings of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem. Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I am bringing such disaster upon this place that the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle. Because the people have forsaken me and have profaned this place by making offerings in it to other gods whom neither they nor their fathers nor the kings of Judah have known; and because they have filled this place with the blood of innocents, and have built the high places of Baal to burn their sons in the fire as burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command or decree, nor did it come into my mind— therefore, behold, days are coming, declares the Lord, when this place shall no more be called Topheth, or the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter. And in this place I will make void the plans of Judah and Jerusalem, and will cause their people to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hand of those who seek their life. I will give their dead bodies for food to the birds of the air and to the beasts of the earth. And I will make this city a horror, a thing to be hissed at. Everyone who passes by it will be horrified and will hiss because of all its wounds. And I will make them eat the flesh of their sons and their daughters, and everyone shall eat the flesh of his neighbor in the siege and in the distress, with which their enemies and those who seek their life afflict them.’

 

REFLECTION:

Hinnom Valley is a public garbage dump in Jerusalem, and Topheth means “land of fire”. The Judahites burned their children in Hinnom Valley and sacrificed to Molech (32:35). The massacres prophesied by Jeremiah occurred twice, once in 586 BC when King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon led his troops to attack Jerusalem; the other was when Roman General Titus destroyed Jerusalem in 70 AD. During Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, there was an extreme shortage of food, which caused the horror of cannibalism in the city. Some people even ate their own children, fulfilling what God said (v9). God is loving, righteous and holy at the same time. Judah’s idolatry was corrupted to the point that they even burned their children to sacrifice to the false gods. They greatly offended God and incurred severe retribution from God. Do we often offend God today? Although we may not be as corrupt as the Judahites back then, will we ignore our family in pursuit of worldly values? If so, today is the time to confess your sins to God and repent!

 

PRAYER:

Come to God humbly, ask God to enlighten you, so that you understand where you have sinned against God, and confess your sins to God and repent. Ask God to give you more love and live out the love of Christ in your family. Be a good witness for the Lord among your relatives, so that they can have a closer relationship with you, and also enable you to develop a closer relationship with your family and God.

 

HYMN:

Jesus Draw Me Close – youtu.be/kvKQZBH5rZU

 

「听主话」读经灵修2025年12月26日:耶利米书018

全章经文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+018&version=CUVS

 

耶利米书 第18章 (圣经和合本)

1 耶和华的话临到耶利米说: 2 「你起来,下到窑匠的家里去,我在那里要使你听我的话。」 3 我就下到窑匠的家里去,正遇他转轮做器皿。 4 窑匠用泥做的器皿在他手中做坏了,他又用这泥另做别的器皿。窑匠看怎样好,就怎样做。

5 耶和华的话就临到我说: 6 「耶和华说:以色列家啊,我待你们,岂不能照这窑匠弄泥吗?以色列家啊,泥在窑匠的手中怎样,你们在我的手中也怎样。 7 我何时论到一邦或一国说要拔出、拆毁、毁坏, 8 我所说的那一邦,若是转意离开他们的恶,我就必後悔,不将我想要施行的灾祸降於他们。 9 我何时论到一邦或一国说要建立、栽植, 10 他们若行我眼中看为恶的事,不听从我的话,我就必後悔,不将我所说的福气赐给他们。

 

默想:       

这段经文喻意神对犹大有绝对的主权,也对我们个人的生命有绝对的主权。神就如窑匠弄泥那样,可以随意陶造犹大,祂不断陶造他们,希望把他们造成有用的器皿。不过,犹大必须谦卑悔改,否则它这块泥就会硬化,变成不合用的器皿而要被摔碎。同样,神也有权陶造锻炼我们的生命,使我们成为合他心意的人。我们不应以消极被动的态度回应神的陶造工作,而当以甘心乐意的态度接受他在我们身上的工作,顺服他的一切安排,变成合乎他心意的贵重器皿。今天,我们所处的社会崇尚坚持己见、独立自主和脱离权威的个人主义。我们当警惕,不要让世界的价值观渗入我们与神的关系之中,它会令我们变得冥顽不灵、自视过高、不肯听从教导和不肯改过自新,以致任由顽梗自恃的性格发展下去,渐渐使我们与神为敌。

 

祷告:

向神祷告,求祂赐你更多的敬虔,在世界的滚滚浊流中不要忘记祂时时与你同在;求神使你不要被今天充斥整个社会的个人主义思潮所影响,使你有一颗敬畏与顺服的心,在一切的事上不刚愎自用,而是寻求神的旨意,听从神一切的安排。

 

诗歌:

「陶造我生命」- youtu.be/YTUP_IcxFkg

 

「聽主話」讀經靈修2025年12月26日:耶利米書018

全章經文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+018&version=CUV

 

耶利米書 第18章 (聖經和合本)

1 耶和華的話臨到耶利米說: 2 「你起來,下到窯匠的家裡去,我在那裡要使你聽我的話。」 3 我就下到窯匠的家裡去,正遇他轉輪做器皿。 4 窯匠用泥做的器皿在他手中做壞了,他又用這泥另做別的器皿。窯匠看怎樣好,就怎樣做。

5 耶和華的話就臨到我說: 6 「耶和華說:以色列家啊,我待你們,豈不能照這窯匠弄泥嗎?以色列家啊,泥在窯匠的手中怎樣,你們在我的手中也怎樣。 7 我何時論到一邦或一國說要拔出、拆毀、毀壞, 8 我所說的那一邦,若是轉意離開他們的惡,我就必後悔,不將我想要施行的災禍降於他們。 9 我何時論到一邦或一國說要建立、栽植, 10 他們若行我眼中看為惡的事,不聽從我的話,我就必後悔,不將我所說的福氣賜給他們。

 

默想:       

這段經文喻意神對猶大有絕對的主權,也對我們個人的生命有絕對的主權。神就如窯匠弄泥那樣,可以隨意陶造猶大,祂不斷陶造他們,希望把他們造成有用的器皿。不過,猶大必須謙卑悔改,否則它這塊泥就會硬化,變成不合用的器皿而要被摔碎。同樣,神也有權陶造鍛煉我們的生命,使我們成為合他心意的人。我們不應以消極被動的態度回應神的陶造工作,而當以甘心樂意的態度接受他在我們身上的工作,順服他的一切安排,變成合乎他心意的貴重器皿。今天,我們所處的社會崇尚堅持己見、獨立自主和脫離權威的個人主義。我們當警惕,不要讓世界的價值觀滲入我們與神的關係之中,它會令我們變得冥頑不靈、自視過高、不肯聽從教導和不肯改過自新,以致任由頑梗自恃的性格發展下去,漸漸使我們與神為敵。

 

禱告:

向神禱告,求祂賜你更多的敬虔,在世界的滾滾濁流中不要忘記祂時時與你同在;求神使你不要被今天充斥整個社會的個人主義思潮所影響,使你有一顆敬畏與順服的心,在一切的事上不剛愎自用,而是尋求神的旨意,聽從神一切的安排。

 

詩歌:

「陶造我生命」- youtu.be/YTUP_IcxFkg

 

“Listening to God” Bible Reading & Devotion: Dec 26, 2025 – Jeremiah 018

Read chapter in full: biblegateway.com/passage/?version=ESV&search=Jeremiah+018
 

Jeremiah 18 (ESV)

1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: “Arise, and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will let you hear my words.” So I went down to the potter’s house, and there he was working at his wheel. And the vessel he was making of clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand, and he reworked it into another vessel, as it seemed good to the potter to do.

Then the word of the Lord came to me: “O house of Israel, can I not do with you as this potter has done? declares the Lord. Behold, like the clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in my hand, O house of Israel. If at any time I declare concerning a nation or a kingdom, that I will pluck up and break down and destroy it, and if that nation, concerning which I have spoken, turns from its evil, I will relent of the disaster that I intended to do to it. And if at any time I declare concerning a nation or a kingdom that I will build and plant it, 10 and if it does evil in my sight, not listening to my voice, then I will relent of the good that I had intended to do to it.

 

REFLECTION:

This passage implies that God has absolute sovereignty over the Judahites, as well as absolute sovereignty over our personal lives. God can mould Judah at will, just like a potter working with clay. He continues to mould them, hoping to make them useful vessels. However, the Judahites must be humble and repent, otherwise this clay will harden and become an unsuitable vessel that will be broken. In the same way, God has the right to cultivate and temper our lives, so that we can become people after His own heart. We should not respond to God’s moulding in a passive manner, but should accept His work on us willingly, obey all His arrangements, and become a valuable vessel that suits His wishes. Today, we live in a society that advocates individualism that insists on one’s own opinions, independence, and separation from authority. We should be wary not to let the values of the world infiltrate our relationship with God as it will make us stubborn, arrogant, unwilling to listen to teachings, and unwilling to reform. Otherwise, as our character develops, we will gradually become enemies of God.

 

PRAYER:

Pray to God, ask Him to give you more godliness, and don’t forget that He is always with you in the turbulent flow of the world. Ask God to prevent you from being affected by the individualistic thoughts that flood the entire society today, so that you have a heart of reverence and obedience, not to be stubborn in everything but seeks the will of God and obeys all His arrangements.

 

HYMN:

Take My Life And Let It Be – youtu.be/kA9zA7O6bH0

 

「听主话」读经灵修2025年12月25日:耶利米书017

全章经文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+017&version=CUVS

 

耶利米书 第17章 (圣经和合本)

7 「倚靠耶和华,以耶和华为可靠的,那人有福了! 8 他必像树栽於水旁,在河边扎根。炎热来到并不惧怕,叶子仍必青翠;在乾旱之年毫无挂虑,而且结果不止。

9 「人心比万物都诡诈,坏到极处,谁能识透呢? 10 我耶和华是鉴察人心、试验人肺腑的,要照各人所行的和他做事的结果报应他。 11 那不按正道得财的,好像鹧鸪抱不是自己下的蛋,到了中年,那财都必离开他,他终究成为愚顽人。」

12 我们的圣所是荣耀的宝座,从太初安置在高处。 13 耶和华以色列的盼望啊,凡离弃你的,必致蒙羞。耶和华说:「离开我的,他们的名字必写在土里,因为他们离弃我这活水的泉源。」 14 耶和华啊,求你医治我,我便痊癒,拯救我,我便得救,因你是我所赞美的。

 

默想:

这段经文将倚靠人和倚靠神的两类人作比较。犹大人不信靠耶和华,反而倚赖偶像和人的力量,因此变得如沙漠和旷野一样荒凉。相反,倚靠耶和华的人,就像诗篇第一篇所描绘的那样,像一棵树栽於溪水旁,按时结果子,叶子也不枯干。在这段经文中神很清楚地指出,我们犯罪的根源在於自己的内心,不是社会或家庭的原因。自出母胎以来我们就有犯罪的倾向,容易忘记神和离弃神,但我们可以选择是否继续犯罪。受到罪的诱惑时,我们可以轻易落入陷阱,也可以求神拯救和帮助以脱离网罗。此外,耶利米还指出,凡用不正当手段一时发财致富的人,他们最终必招致愚蠢和贫困的恶果。今天,我们处於一个甚至比耶利米的时代更诡诈败坏的世界,我们应当时时不离弃我们的神,寻求祂的拯救和帮助,从祂支取力量,因为祂是活水的泉源。并且我们当谨记,不论是工作或读书,我们都该诚实无伪。凡利用不光彩的手段升职、通过考试或搏取名誉地位,都不会蒙主赐福,也不会带来长久的益处。

 

祷告:

求神坚固你的心,使你站立得稳,不要落入世界的陷阱与网罗中去;求神光照你,使你省察你目前所拥有的利益是否其中有些是以得罪神的方式取得的,若有的话,向神认罪悔改,并求神赐你力量,使你以後不再犯同样的软弱。

 

诗歌:
「陪我走过春夏秋冬」- youtu.be/AjL3gfY9SOA

 

「聽主話」讀經靈修2025年12月25日:耶利米書017

全章經文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+017&version=CUV

 

耶利米書 第17章 (聖經和合本)

7 「倚靠耶和華,以耶和華為可靠的,那人有福了! 8 他必像樹栽於水旁,在河邊扎根。炎熱來到並不懼怕,葉子仍必青翠;在乾旱之年毫無掛慮,而且結果不止。

9 「人心比萬物都詭詐,壞到極處,誰能識透呢? 10 我耶和華是鑒察人心、試驗人肺腑的,要照各人所行的和他做事的結果報應他。 11 那不按正道得財的,好像鷓鴣抱不是自己下的蛋,到了中年,那財都必離開他,他終究成為愚頑人。」

12 我們的聖所是榮耀的寶座,從太初安置在高處。 13 耶和華以色列的盼望啊,凡離棄你的,必致蒙羞。耶和華說:「離開我的,他們的名字必寫在土裡,因為他們離棄我這活水的泉源。」 14 耶和華啊,求你醫治我,我便痊癒,拯救我,我便得救,因你是我所讚美的。

 

默想:

這段經文將倚靠人和倚靠神的兩類人作比較。猶大人不信靠耶和華,反而倚賴偶像和人的力量,因此變得如沙漠和曠野一樣荒涼。相反,倚靠耶和華的人,就像詩篇第一篇所描繪的那樣,像一棵樹栽於溪水旁,按時結果子,葉子也不枯幹。在這段經文中神很清楚地指出,我們犯罪的根源在於自己的內心,不是社會或家庭的原因。自出母胎以來我們就有犯罪的傾向,容易忘記神和離棄神,但我們可以選擇是否繼續犯罪。受到罪的誘惑時,我們可以輕易落入陷阱,也可以求神拯救和幫助以脫離網羅。此外,耶利米還指出,凡用不正當手段一時發財致富的人,他們最終必招致愚蠢和貧困的惡果。今天,我們處於一個甚至比耶利米的時代更詭詐敗壞的世界,我們應當時時不離棄我們的神,尋求祂的拯救和幫助,從祂支取力量,因為祂是活水的泉源。並且我們當謹記,不論是工作或讀書,我們都該誠實無偽。凡利用不光彩的手段升職、通過考試或搏取名譽地位,都不會蒙主賜福,也不會帶來長久的益處。

 

禱告:

求神堅固你的心,使你站立得穩,不要落入世界的陷阱與網羅中去;求神光照你,使你省察你目前所擁有的利益是否其中有些是以得罪神的方式取得的,若有的話,向神認罪悔改,並求神賜你力量,使你以後不再犯同樣的軟弱。

 

詩歌:
「陪我走過春夏秋冬」- youtu.be/AjL3gfY9SOA

 

“Listening to God” Bible Reading & Devotion: Dec 25, 2025 – Jeremiah 017

Read chapter in full: biblegateway.com/passage/?version=ESV&search=Jeremiah+017
 

Jeremiah 17 (ESV)

“Blessed is the man who trusts in the Lord,
whose trust is the Lord.
He is like a tree planted by water,
that sends out its roots by the stream,
and does not fear when heat comes,
for its leaves remain green,
and is not anxious in the year of drought,
for it does not cease to bear fruit.”

The heart is deceitful above all things,
and desperately sick;
who can understand it?
10 “I the Lord search the heart
and test the mind,
to give every man according to his ways,
according to the fruit of his deeds.”

11 Like the partridge that gathers a brood that she did not hatch,
so is he who gets riches but not by justice;
in the midst of his days they will leave him,
and at his end he will be a fool.

12 A glorious throne set on high from the beginning
is the place of our sanctuary.
13 O Lord, the hope of Israel,
all who forsake you shall be put to shame;
those who turn away from you shall be written in the earth,
for they have forsaken the Lord, the fountain of living water.

14 Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed;
save me, and I shall be saved,
for you are my praise.

 

REFLECTION:

This passage compares the two types of people who rely on people and those who rely on God. The people of Judah did not trust in Jehovah, but relied on idols and human power, so they became as desolate as deserts and wilderness. On the contrary, those who rely on Jehovah, as described in Psalm 1, are like a tree planted by a stream, and it will bear fruit on time without its leaves withering. In this passage, God clearly pointed out that the root of our sin lies in our own hearts, not social or family reasons. We have a tendency to sin since we were born and it is easy to forget and abandon God, but we can choose whether to continue sinning. When we are tempted by sin, we can easily fall into a trap, or we can ask God to save and help us to escape the snare. In addition, Jeremiah also pointed out that those who use improper means to get rich instantly, will eventually lead to stupidity and poverty. Today, we are in a world that is even more treacherous and corrupt than Jeremiah’s time. We should never abandon our God, seek His salvation and help, and draw strength from Him, because He is the fountain of living water. And we should remember that whether it is work or study, we should all be honest. Anyone who uses disgraceful means to get promoted, pass exams, or gain fame and status will not be blessed by the Lord, nor will it bring long-term benefits.

 

PRAYER:

Pray for God to strengthen your heart so that you can stand firm and not fall into the traps and snares of the world. Pray for God to enlighten you and enable you to examine whether some of the benefits you currently have are obtained in a way that offends God. If so, confess your sins to God and repent, and ask God to give you strength so that you will never commit the same weakness in the future.

 

HYMN:

As The Deer – youtu.be/5rrXC5uKVb4

 

「听主话」读经灵修2025年12月24日:耶利米书016

全章经文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+016&version=CUVS

 

耶利米书 第16章 (圣经和合本)

10 「你将这一切的话指示这百姓,他们问你说:『耶和华为什麽说要降这大灾祸攻击我们呢?我们有什麽罪孽呢?我们向耶和华我们的神犯了什麽罪呢?』 11 你就对他们说:『耶和华说:因为你们列祖离弃我,随从别神,侍奉敬拜,不遵守我的律法。 12 而且你们行恶比你们列祖更甚,因为各人随从自己顽梗的恶心行事,甚至不听从我。 13 所以我必将你们从这地赶出,直赶到你们和你们列祖素不认识的地,你们在那里必昼夜侍奉别神,因为我必不向你们施恩。』」

14 耶和华说:「日子将到,人必不再指着那领以色列人从埃及地上来之永生的耶和华起誓, 15 却要指着那领以色列人从北方之地,并赶他们到的各国上来之永生的耶和华起誓。并且我要领他们再入我从前赐给他们列祖之地。」

 

默想:       

在这段经文中,耶利米代表神向犹大百姓宣告神的审判:因为他们顽梗悖逆,神要将他们赶出他们世代居住的应许之地。接下来神却应许当时日一到,祂要领祂的子民再入祂从前赐给他们列祖之地,他们将要经历比出埃及更大的神蹟(15节)。《出埃及记》记载了神如何施行奇妙的救恩,将祂的子民从埃及为奴之地拯救出来。神的应许永不落空,我们看到以色列人後来从被掳之地归回的历史要比出埃及更加辉煌并具有纪念意义,因为这段历史记录了以色列人尽管冥顽不灵离弃神,神却仍以无限的慈爱和怜悯恩待他们。今天,你是否也看到神拯救的奇妙?在你个人生命的成长经历中,尽管你有时远离神,你是否也经历了神对你不离不弃的引领?

 

祷告:

怀着感恩的心来到神面前,数算神的恩典,回顾你的生命历程,看有多少次你远离了神但祂又将你重新拉回?求神以慈绳爱索将你紧紧拉住,使你与祂建立更亲密的关系。

 

诗歌:
「慈绳爱索」- youtu.be/g0W4TYQX7NM

 

「聽主話」讀經靈修2025年12月24日:耶利米書016

全章經文:  biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+016&version=CUV

 

耶利米書 第16章 (聖經和合本)

10 「你將這一切的話指示這百姓,他們問你說:『耶和華為什麼說要降這大災禍攻擊我們呢?我們有什麼罪孽呢?我們向耶和華我們的神犯了什麼罪呢?』 11 你就對他們說:『耶和華說:因為你們列祖離棄我,隨從別神,侍奉敬拜,不遵守我的律法。 12 而且你們行惡比你們列祖更甚,因為各人隨從自己頑梗的惡心行事,甚至不聽從我。 13 所以我必將你們從這地趕出,直趕到你們和你們列祖素不認識的地,你們在那裡必晝夜侍奉別神,因為我必不向你們施恩。』」

14 耶和華說:「日子將到,人必不再指著那領以色列人從埃及地上來之永生的耶和華起誓, 15 卻要指著那領以色列人從北方之地,並趕他們到的各國上來之永生的耶和華起誓。並且我要領他們再入我從前賜給他們列祖之地。」

 

默想:       

在這段經文中,耶利米代表神向猶大百姓宣告神的審判:因為他們頑梗悖逆,神要將他們趕出他們世代居住的應許之地。接下來神卻應許當時日一到,祂要領祂的子民再入祂從前賜給他們列祖之地,他們將要經歷比出埃及更大的神蹟(15節)。《出埃及記》記載了神如何施行奇妙的救恩,將祂的子民從埃及為奴之地拯救出來。神的應許永不落空,我們看到以色列人後來從被擄之地歸回的歷史要比出埃及更加輝煌並具有紀念意義,因為這段歷史記錄了以色列人盡管冥頑不靈離棄神,神卻仍以無限的慈愛和憐憫恩待他們。今天,你是否也看到神拯救的奇妙?在你個人生命的成長經歷中,盡管你有時遠離神,你是否也經歷了神對你不離不棄的引領?

 

禱告:

懷著感恩的心來到神面前,數算神的恩典,回顧你的生命歷程,看有多少次你遠離了神但祂又將你重新拉回?求神以慈繩愛索將你緊緊拉住,使你與祂建立更親密的關係。

 

詩歌:
「慈繩愛索」- youtu.be/g0W4TYQX7NM

 

“Listening to God” Bible Reading & Devotion: Dec 24, 2025 – Jeremiah 016

Read chapter in full: biblegateway.com/passage/?version=ESV&search=Jeremiah+016
 

Jeremiah 16 (ESV)

10 “And when you tell this people all these words, and they say to you, ‘Why has the Lord pronounced all this great evil against us? What is our iniquity? What is the sin that we have committed against the Lord our God?’ 11 then you shall say to them: ‘Because your fathers have forsaken me, declares the Lord, and have gone after other gods and have served and worshiped them, and have forsaken me and have not kept my law, 12 and because you have done worse than your fathers, for behold, every one of you follows his stubborn, evil will, refusing to listen to me. 13 Therefore I will hurl you out of this land into a land that neither you nor your fathers have known, and there you shall serve other gods day and night, for I will show you no favor.’

14 “Therefore, behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when it shall no longer be said, ‘As the Lord lives who brought up the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt,’ 15 but ‘As the Lord lives who brought up the people of Israel out of the north country and out of all the countries where he had driven them.’ For I will bring them back to their own land that I gave to their fathers.

 

REFLECTION:

In this passage, Jeremiah declared God’s judgment to the people of Judah on behalf of God: because they were stubborn and rebellious, God would drive them out of the Promised Land where they lived for generations. Then God promised that when the day came, He would bring His people back into the land He gave to their ancestors, and they would experience a miracle greater than that of the exodus from Egypt (v15). The Book of Exodus records how God performed a miraculous salvation to save His people from Egypt’s slavery. God’s promise will never fail. We can see that the history of the Israelite’s return from exile is more glorious and memorable than that of Exodus. This history records the Israelite’s stubbornness and abandoning God, but God still treat them with infinite love and compassion. Today, do you also see the wonder of God’s salvation? In your personal growth experience, even though you are sometimes far away from God, have you experienced God’s guidance to you, never abandoning nor forsaking you?

 

PRAYER:

Come to God with a grateful heart, count the blessings of God, review your life journey, and see how many times you have been far away from God but He has pulled you back again? Pray that God will hold you tight with a cord of compassion, so that you can develop a closer relationship with Him.

 

HYMN:

Lead Me To The Cross – youtu.be/StW6ZKHRCFo